Can Artificial Sweeteners Affect Your Brain Health?

October 17, 2025

Artificial sweeteners are commonly used as sugar substitutes in various food and beverage products. While they are often marketed as healthier alternatives to sugar, emerging research indicates that their long-term consumption might have unintended effects on brain health.

The Link Between Artificial Sweeteners and Cognitive Decline

A significant study published in the journal Neurology examined the impact of artificial sweeteners on cognitive function over an eight-year period. The research found that individuals who consumed higher amounts of certain low- and no-calorie sweeteners experienced a 62% faster global cognitive decline compared to those with minimal intake. This accelerated decline is equivalent to approximately 1.6 additional years of brain aging. ADA News

The study assessed various cognitive domains, including verbal fluency, working memory, word recall, and processing speed. Notably, the consumption of sweeteners such as aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame-K, erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol was associated with faster cognitive decline. However, tagatose did not show a similar correlation.

Understanding the Mechanisms Behind Cognitive Decline

Researchers have proposed several mechanisms through which artificial sweeteners might influence brain health:

  • Gut Microbiome Disruption: Artificial sweeteners may alter the composition of gut bacteria, leading to inflammation that can affect brain function.
  • Increased Appetite and Overeating: By providing sweetness without calories, these sweeteners might disrupt the body’s ability to regulate food intake, potentially leading to overeating and associated health issues.
  • Neurological Effects: Some studies suggest that artificial sweeteners could interfere with neurotransmitter function, affecting mood and cognitive processes.

While these mechanisms are still under investigation, the potential impact on brain health warrants attention.

Who Is Most at Risk?

The study highlighted that individuals under the age of 60 and those with diabetes exhibited a stronger association between high artificial sweetener intake and cognitive decline. This suggests that certain populations may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of these sugar substitutes.

Recommendations for Protecting Brain Health

To mitigate potential risks to cognitive function, consider the following strategies:

  • Limit Consumption of Artificial Sweeteners: Be mindful of the intake of products containing artificial sweeteners.
  • Choose Natural Sweeteners: Opt for natural sweeteners like honey or stevia in moderation.
  • Maintain a Balanced Diet: Focus on a diet rich in whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, to support overall health.
  • Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to support bodily functions.
  • Regular Physical Activity: Engage in regular exercise to promote blood flow and support brain health.
  • Adequate Sleep: Ensure sufficient sleep to allow the brain to rest and rejuvenate.

While artificial sweeteners offer a low-calorie alternative to sugar, emerging evidence suggests that their long-term consumption may have unintended effects on brain health. Being aware of these potential risks and making informed dietary choices can help protect cognitive function as you age.